Unit 4: LEARNING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE

(Việc học một ngôn ngữ nước ngoài)

A-Ngữ pháp:

1) as…as…:
Ex: as fast (adv) as he could (clause), as much (adj) as possible (adj)
=>Form : as…+…adj/adv+as…+….clause/ adj/adv

2) Revise Reported Speech:

*Có 5 dạng chính, cơ bản:
1.Câu đề nghị: S + told/said (+ O) + to -V….
2.Câu lời khuyên: S + advised (+O) + to -V….
3.Câu khẳng định: S + said + S + Verb…..
4.Câu hỏi “Yes –No”: S + said / asked + if /whether + S + Verb (đảo ngữ câu hỏi )
5.Câu hỏi “Wh.., H….”: S + said / asked + wh…/h….+ S + Verb (đảo ngữ câu hỏi )

*Lưu ý :

+Nếu động từ ở mệnh đề chính ở thì Simple Present (SAY), Present Perfect (HAVE/HAS SAID) hoặc Simple Future (WILL SAY) thì trong lời trích dẫn ta chỉ đổi đại từ (Pronouns)

+ Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề chính ở thì Simple past (SAID) thì trogn lời trích dẫn ta phải đổi thì , các từ hoặc cụm từ chỉ thời gian, đại từ….

+Khi muốn chuyển từ lời dẫn trực tiếp sang lời dẫn gián tiếp , ta cần lưu ý đến một số thay đổi sau :

* Thay đổi thì động từ :
Simple Present -> Simple Past
Present Continous -> Past Continous
Simple Past + Present Perfect -> Past Perfect
Past Continous + Perfect Continous -> Past Perfect Continous
Simple Future -> Future in the Past

*Ta vẫn có thể dùng “Simple Present” thay vì “Simple Past” trong lời nói gián tiếp khi diễn tả một thói quen, một chân lý .

*Đối với các động từ khiếm khuyết ( không đủ các hình thức ) thì ta phải mượn các động từ có cùng nghĩa như:
- must ………-> had to / would have to
- must not ….-> was not to (were not to)
- can………. .-> could / be able to
- will/ shall …-> would / should / be going to

3) Sentence Transformation:

a)Ex: When did you begin working in this factory?
-> How long have you worked in this factory?
=>Form: 
When did + S + begin / start +V-ing / to-V…?
-> How long have/ has + S + p.p…..?
b)Ex: I last saw her a month ago.
-> I haven’t seen her for a month.
-> The last time I saw her was a month.
-> It’s a month since I saw her.
=>Form: 
S + last + V (past) +…..+ [ a space of time] + ago / [a point of time ]
-> S + have/ has + not + p.p +….for – [ a space of time] / since -[ a point of time ]
-> The last time + S + V (past) +……was / is + [ a space of time] 
-> It + was/is + [ a space of time] + since + S + V(past)+…..
c) Ex: Let’s play.
->What/How about playing?
-> Why don’t we play?
=>Form:
Let’s + bare – inf
-> Why don’t we+ bare –inf…?
->What/How about + V-ing…?
d) Pharasal Verb:
-be interested in + V-ing = have a interest in + V-ing
-decide = make a decision
-look forward to + V-ing : mong chờ, đợi…
-would like + to…..

B. Bài tập vận dụng

I. Choose the best answer to complete these following sentences

1. His house has been sold ______ $ 1,000,000.

A. at                            B. for                           C. in                            D. with

2.Bread is usually ______ wheat.

A. made of                  B. made with               C. made by                  D. made from

3. Peter, can I ______ you a drink?

A. buy for                    B. buy to                     C. buy                         D. invite

4. It isn't quite ______ that they will come to our party.

A. sure                         B. exact                       C. certain                     D. right

5. ______ goes to the bus; now we will have to walk home.

A. On time                  B. At once                   C. There                      D. Early
6. Don't hurry! There is no need ______.

A. running                   B. to run                      C. run                          D. you run

7. Please write your answers ______ ink.

A. in                            B. with                        C. of                            D. by

8. Peter was not feeling well, so we gave him ______ to do than you.

A. fewer work             B. less work                C. little work               D. least work

9. He spent half a year ______ this house.

A. to build                   B. building                  C. built                        D. on building

10. Will you ______ the door open?

A. leave                       B. allow                       C. permit                     D. give

11. What food should you eat if you want to ______ on weight?

A. take                         B. get                           C. put                          D. carry

12. The weather was cold. I wish it ______ warmer.

A. had been                 B. has been                  C. were                        D. was

13. Dickens ______ wrote a lot of interesting stories.

A. his is one of England's best-known writers           

B. as one of England's best-known writers

C. besides one of England's best-known writers        

D. one of England's best-known writers

14. Mike had hoped ______ his letter.

A. her to answer                                  B. that she answer

C. that she would answer                    D. her answering

15. It is a ______ skirt.

A. French cotton flowered                  B. cotton French flowered

C. flowered cotton French                   D. flowered French cotton

16. Do you know the beautiful girl ______?

A. sit in the car                                    B. sat in the car           

C. sitting in the car                              D. who sit in the car

17. This shirt costs______88,000 VND.

A. approximate            B. approximation         C. approximately         D. approximative

18. I can complete a ______English test if you want.

A. speaking                 B. spoken                    C. speak                      D. spoke

19. If you study at the Brighten Language Center- UK, you can live in a______on campus.

A. hotel                       B. mobile room           C. Private room           D. dormiroty

20. I saw your school’s ______in today’s edition of the Vietnam News.

A. advertiser                B. advertisement          C. advertising D. advertise

21. Do you enjoy.English?

A. learn                       B. learnt                       C. to learn                    D. learning

22. The government supplied the victims______food and water.

A. on                           B. for                           C. to                            D. with

23. She said that she______learning English with you.

A. liked                       B. to like                      C. liking                      D. like

24. She asked me where I______from?

A. came                       B. to come                   C. come                       D. coming

25. If you want to attend the course, you______pass the examinatin.

A. has to                      B. have to                    C. had to                      D. could

26. She______me whether I liked classical music or not.

A. asks                        B. Asked                     C. asking                     D. ask

27. he asked mewho editor of this book______?

A. was                         B. were                        C. are                           D. is

28. He wants to know whether I______back tomorrow.

A. will come                B. would come            C. come                       D. came

29. He told me he______leave the city the following day.

A. has to                      B. had to                      C. would have to         D. will have to

30. I wonder why he______love his family.

A. don’t                       B. hasn’t                      C. doesn’t                    D. didn’t

31. She asked me where I______that car.

A. buy                                     B. bought                    C. will buy                  D. can buy

32. She asked him where he______from.

A. is                             B. was                         C. were                        D. has been

33. They said that they______their house.

A. sell                          B. sold                         C. will sell                   D. are selling

34. I asked them if they______the final exam.

A. passed                     B. Pass                        C. can pass                  D. will pass

35. I asked him if he______help me.

A. will                                     B. was                         C. can              D. could

36. He is a strict______.

A. exam                       B. examination            C. examine                  D. examiner

37.I want to______at course.

A. attended                  B. attendance   C. attend                      D. attendant

38. This school has excellent____________.

A. reputed                   B. reputable                 C. repute                      D. rewputation

39. We often take part in many______activities at school.

A. culture                    B. culturally                 C. cultural                    D. cultured

40. If you want to______your English, we can help you.

A. improve                  B. improved                C. improvimg              D. improvement

41. Please, phone this number for more.

A. inform                     B. information             C. informative             D. informatively

42. I want to______for selling my house.

A. advertise                 B. advertisement          C. advertising D. advertised

43. HE is an______of this newspaper.

A. edition                    B. editor                      C. edit                          D. editing

44. This book is not____________.

A. availability              B. available                 C. avail                        D. available

45. He______answered these questions.

A. exact                       B. exactly                    C. exacting                  D. exacted

46. The meeting will be______tomorrow.

A. have                        B. had              C. hold                        D. held

47. If you learn this lesson carefully, you______the exam.

A. can pass                  B. passing                    C. passed                     D. wold pass

48. We will wait until you______your work.

A. finish                      B. finishes                   C. have finished          D. will finished

49. He can’t get home______he has a ticket.

A. if                             B. until                        C. unless                      D. without

50. The result will be better if he______harder.

A. work                       B. works                      C. worked                   D. will work

II. Rewrite each sentence, beginning with the words provided.

1. “ I have something to show you now.” He said to me.

 He told me_{…………………………………………………..………………………………………………….}

1. “ I’m leaving here for Hue tomorrow.” She said.

 She said_{…………………………………………………..…………………………………………………..}

1. “ I’ll come with you as soon as I am ready.” Tom said to her.

Tom told her_{…………………………………………………..…………………………………………………..…}

1. “ I must go now.” The father said to us.

 The father told us_{…………………………………………………..………………………………………………….}

1. “ Why do you come here late?” she asked me.

She asked_{…………………………………………………..………………………………………………….}

1. “ Who puts the salt in my cup of coffee?” asked Peter.

 Peter asked_{…………………………………………………..………………………………………………….}

1. “ Can you play the piano?” he asked the girl.

 He asked the girl_{…………………………………………………..………………………………………………….}

1. “ I’m having a good time here.” Said Maryam.

 Maryam said_{…………………………………………………..………………………………………………….}

1. “ Do you like pop music?” Hoa asked Maryam.

 Hoa asked Maryam_{…………………………………………………..…………………………………………}

1. “ Where do you live, the boy?” asked the man.

The man asked_{…………………………………………………..………………………………………………….}

III. Supply the correct verb form.

1. She asked me where I (buy)……………… that car.
2. She asked him where he (be)……………….from.
3. They said that they (sell)…………………their house.
4. I asked them if they (pass)………………. the final exam.
5. I asked him if he (can)……………… help me.
6. she said to me that she (sell)……………. That car the following day.
7. He asked me where I (go)………….. the previous day.
8. The teacher asked her why she (not do)…………………….. the test.
9. I asked her if she (listen) ……………….. to music.
10. They asked him if he (must)……………..go then.